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God is in her citadels
    and has revealed himself as her fortress.[a]
[b]For the kings conspired together
    and came onward in unison.
As soon as they beheld her, they were astounded;
    filled with panic, they fled.

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Footnotes

  1. Psalm 48:4 The psalmist shows that Zion is impregnable not because of her walls but because of the fact that the Lord is present there as the strength of his people (see Pss 18:3; 122:7).
  2. Psalm 48:5 In recalling past defeats of Israel’s enemies who attacked Zion, the psalmist may have in mind the victory over the Moab-Ammon coalition at the time of Jehoshaphat (see 2 Chr 20:22-28) or over the Assyrians at the time of Hezekiah (see 2 Ki 19:35f).